Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is the controlled diversion of some of the combustion gases back into the combustion chamber. This lowers the combustion temperature and reduces oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in the engine. This is a very effective process, because oxides of nitrogen tend to rise disproportionately with increased combustion temperatures. There are two methods of exhaust gas recirculation: internally through overlap of valve opening times and externally with recirculating valves and manifolds.
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